Preservation of indigenous gastrointestinal microbiota is deemed to be critical for successful captive breeding of endangered wild animals, yet its biology is poorly understood. Ushida, Kazunari Segawa, Takahiro Tsuchida, Sayaka Murata, Koichi Female mating strategy may include both mate choice at ovulation and other, non-procreative functions.Ĭecal bacterial communities in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans and captive Svalbard rock ptarmigans. When females were likely to conceive, however, they expressed mate choice behavior toward males who displayed most frequently. Over the entire mating season, females did not choose non-matrilineal males on the basis of displays, dominance rank, age, weight, or weight change during the mating season. Males sometimes approached females from their own matriline, but females avoided such males and expressed mate choice behavior preferentially toward non-matrilineal males. Females were more responsible than males for inbreeding avoidance with matrilineal kin. Females began mating shortly before ovulation, peaked at ovulation, and continued receiving ejaculations for up to ten weeks after conception. Blood was collected from females twice weekly and their ovulatory periods estimated by analyzing hormone profiles.
During one breeding season, daily behavioral observations were conducted on females who exhibited copulatory behavior. In a captive group of Japanese macaques housed at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University, Japan, behavioral and endocrine data were combined to examine female mating strategies. Soltis, J Mitsunaga, F Shimizu, K Yanagihara, Y Nozaki, Mįemale Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) are noted for mating with multiple males and for their ability to exert mate choice. Female mating strategy in an enclosed group of Japanese macaques.
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